Biological
ANVIL
Also called the incus. The bone of the middle eat that is attached to the malleus (hammer) and the stapes (stirrup).
AUDITORY CANAL
Also called the ear canal. A short tube about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long that directs sound to the eardrum.
AUDITORY NERVE
Also called the vestibulocochlear nerve or acoustic nerve. Acts like a telephone line to the brain. The electrical signals generated by the hair cells are sent to the brain by this nerve.
Auricle
The visible part of the outer ear also called the pinna. If you can wiggle your ears, the auricle is what you wiggle.
Basilar Membrane
The membrane that forms the lower boundary of the cochlear canal, and on which rests the organ of Corti, of which the hair cells of the cochlea are part.
Cerumen
Ear wax - Ear wax protects our ear canal and smells bad to bugs.
Cochlea
The snail-shaped part of the inner ear which contains the organ of Corti also known as the organ of hearing.
Ear Canal
Also called the auditory canal. A short tube about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long that directs sound to the eardrum.
Ear Wax
Also called Cerumen. Ear wax protests our ear canal and smells bad to bugs.
Eardrum
Also called the tympanic membrane. A thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the inner ear. Sound waves make it vibrate; this vibration is transferred to the three bones of the middle ear.
Eustachian Tube
Connects the middle ear to the throat. It’s normally closed. When you pop your ears, this tube opens up to let air in or out.
External Auditory Canal
Also called the ear canal. A short tube about 1 inch (2.5 cm) long that directs sound to the eardrum.
Hair Bundle
A bundle of stereocilia on top of each hair cell - sound vibrations from the stapes or stirrup bone move the fluid inside the inner ear which moves the hair bundles. The hair cells in turn signal the auditory nerve.
Hammer
Also called the malleus. The bone of the middle ear that is attached to the eardrum and the incus (anvil).
Incus
Also called the anvil. The bone of the middle ear that is attached to the malleus (hammer) and the stapes (stirrup)
Inner Ear
a complex structure of interconnected fluid-filled chambers and canals within the bone of the skull - one portion of the inner ear is not involved in hearing, but instead provides a sense of balance. The other portion of the inner ear, called the cochlea, is the organ of hearing.
Labyrinth
The interconnected fluid-filled chambers of the inner ear.
Malleus
Also called the hammer. The bone of the middle ear that is attached to the eardrum and the incus (anvil).
Middle Ear
The air-filled space between the eardrum and the inner ear, containing the ossicles or the three middle-ear bones (the malleus, the incus and the stapes or hammer, anvil, and stirrup)
Organ of Corti
Also known as the organ of hearing. The organ of Corti rests on the basilar membrane in the cochlear canal.
Ossicles
Three bones found in the ears of all mammals (the malleus, the incus and the stapes or hammer, anvil and stirrup). These bones are the smallest bones in a persons body and they act like a system of levels.
Outer Ear
The external part of the ear which includes the pinna (the part you can wiggle) and the ear canal.
Oval Window
An opening into the inner ear that is filled by the “footplate” of the stapes (stirrup bone).
Pinna
The visible part of the outer ear, also called the auricle - if you can wiggle your ears, the pinna is what you wiggle.
Stapes
The tiny stirrup-shaped bone of the middle ear that is connected to a window (oval window) in the cochlea.
Stereocilia
Small finger-like or hair-like projections from the top of each hair cell in the inner ear - also see hair bundle. Sound vibrations from the stapes or stirrup bone move the fluid inside the inner ear which moves the hair bundles. The hair cells in turn signal the auditory nerve.
Stirrup
Also called the stapes. The tiny stirrup-shaped bone of the middle ear that is connected to a window in the cochlea.
Tinnitus
Ringing or other sounds in your ears or head that only you can hear.
Tympanic Membrane
Also called the eardrum. A thin membrane that separates the outer ear from the inner ear. Sound waves make it vibrate; this vibration is transferred to three bones of the middle ear.
Vestibulocochlear Nerve
Also called the auditory nerve or acoustic nerve. Acts like a telephone line to the brain. The electrical signals generated by the hair cells are sent to the brain by this nerve.
Citations
LaBelle, Brandon. 2010. Acoustic territories: sound culture and everyday life. New York: Continuum.
Helmholtz, H. L. F. v., Helmholtz, H. v., Ellis, A. J., Margenau, H. (1954). On the sensations of tone as a physiological basis for the theory of music. United Kingdom: Dover Publications.
Pierce, A. D. (1989). Acoustics: An Introduction to Its Physical Principles and Applications. United Kingdom: Acoustical Society of America.
Friedman, M. S., Hardy, H. (2013). Theater of Architecture. United States: Princeton Architectural Press.
Lyndon, D., Moore, C. W. (1994). Chambers for a Memory Palace. United Kingdom: MIT Press.
Rybczynski, W. (1987). Home. United Kingdom: Penguin Books.
Bodanis, D. (1986). The secret house : 24 hours in the strange and unexpected world in which we spend our nights and days. New York: Simon & Schuster.
Beston, H. (2003). The Outermost House. United States: Henry Holt and Company.
Owen, D. (1992). The Walls Around Us: The Thinking Person's Guide to How a House Works. United States: Vintage Books.
Angus, J., Howard, D. M. (2017). Acoustics and Psychoacoustics. United States: Taylor & Francis.
Pohlmann, K., Everest, F. A. (2009). Master Handbook of Acoustics. United Kingdom: McGraw-Hill Education.